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4. United States. Commission on Civil Rights. “The Civil Implications of Cash Bail.” January 2022

5. Molly Gill. “Thousands Were Released from Prison During Covid. The Results are Shocking.” Washington Post. 29 Sept 2022

6. Patrick Liu, Ryan Nunn and Jay Shambaugh. “Nine Facts About Monetary Sanctions in The Criminal Justice System.”  Hamilton Project.  15 Mar 2019

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14. Samuel Sinyangwe. “The Police Departments with The Biggest Racial Disparities in Arrests and Killings.” FiveThirtyEight. 4 Feb 2021

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16. Keith L. Alexander, Steven Rich and Hannah Thacker. “The Hidden Billion-Dollar Cost of Repeated Police Misconduct.” Washington Post. 9 Mar 2022

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18. United States. Sentencing Commission. “U.S. Sentencing Commission First Step Act of 2018: Re-sentencing Provisions Retroactivity Data Report.” June 2019

19. United States. Sentencing Commission. “The First Step Act Of 2018: One Year of Implementation.” 31 Aug 2020

20. United States. Sentencing Commission. “U.S. Sentencing Commission First Step Act of 2018: Re-sentencing Provisions Retroactivity Data Report.” October 2020

21. United States. Sentencing Commission. “U.S. Sentencing Commission First Step Act of 2018: Re-sentencing Provisions Retroactivity Data Report.” May 2021

22. United States. Sentencing Commission. “U.S. Sentencing Commission First Step Act of 2018: Re-sentencing Provisions Retroactivity Data Report.” August 2022

23. United States. Federal Bureau of Prisons. “First Step Act.” 27 Jan 2025

24. United States. Federal Bureau of Prisons. “Statistics.”  27 Jan 2025

​25. United States. Federal Bureau of Prisons. “First Step Act.” 3 November 2025